Awaiting Harvest

Wine, Wind and Sea. 

Harvest is on the horizon.  We've had a full season with excellent heat units here in the Comox Valley to promote our vine growth.  Our grapes are on their way to becoming ripe and ready to hand harvest.   Once again this year we see our grapes and vines are favoring our biodynamic methods.

Veraison Stage:  All grapes start out a bright green colour- but it's this time of year that the denseness disappears, the skins begin to soften, and to the untrained eye- they start to turn from green to their variety's skin colour.  Veraison is the process of grape ripening, bringing on sugars and lowering acids.  As the acidity decreases, hexose sugars start to rise and the grapes become more concentrated. Physiologically, the sugars have the potential to increase to around 25% from sugar development. As we hold off any irrigation, the grapes are becoming concentrated in sugars as well.  Veraison usually takes 5-7 days and from that point, will reach full ripeness and be ready to harvest.

As ripening continues, the fruit becomes attractive to animals due to changes from acidic to sweet.  This is the stage in which we will be gently placing our netting down to avoid any grape damage.  You may also see some of our staff on foot as we gently coax the deer to leave.  Our resident deer know very well when this happens and we are often greeted by them at the gate expecting us to open up for them.

Another effect of veraison is that the grapes change colour as the chlorophyll begins to break down. The grape skin is what gives wine colour and tannin structure.  So for white wine, the grapes will be harvested and typically pressed right away and passed into stainless steel tanks or terracotta pots.  For red wine's though, the grapes are harvested and left on their skin's and stems for several weeks to allow the wine to absorb its colour and tannins.  

Some grapes such as Pinot Gris have two-toned colours that will start showing up on their skins. This typically white wine has purpled-greyish colour grapes (gris translates to grey) when it's time to harvest.  Some winemakers will choose to leave Pinot Gris juices on their skins for a period to grab a champagne type hue for the final product.  And the colour of Rosé?  Well, that comes from red wine grapes left on their skins for a short period of time- for our 40 Knots Rosé it's 24 hours from Pinot Noir and Gamay Noir. Rest assured, a wine's colour does not come from food colouring or additives- it's all from the grape skins!

(Pinot Gris grapes)

 

It's a wonderful time to pop down to the winery to check out the grapes in all their beautiful colours!  Including our zero skin contact Pinot Gris, our 24-hour skin contact Rosé with red wine grapes and our 2-month skin contact L'Orange wine made with white wine grapes!

 

40 Knots grows and crafts high quality, ethical, clean wines that are distinct to Vancouver Island.

/Wines/All-Wines

June-uary?

 

Wine, Wind and Sea. 

Well let’s hope that June-uary has finally passed and we can get back to our patio excursions and pretend summer.  It’s like May stole June’s weather in toddler fashion and won’t give it back.  Our vine’s have had a tremendous early spring as we saw record growth with that early short’s weather stint but I think we’re all ready to finally put our winter clothes back into that crawl space for good.  Comox Valley’s ocean breezed micro-climate environment create some of the island’s best kept hidden gems.  Long summer hour nights and 900-1200 growing days make for an extended and steady growing season, producing quality grapes through green organic farming and in turn, beautiful red and white wines.  

Layne Robert-Craig, Owner “We currently sit above our five year average for growing degree days.  Our vines are growing into glacial till soil, which is not typical of this landscape but fell into our micro-climate here in this "banana" belt over time.  We have a high pressure/low pressure ridge loop happening, creating straight and constant airflow."  What does this mean for us?  Red and White wine's with special characteristics all unto their own.  There's nowhere else in the Comox Valley, or Vancouver Island for that matter, that sit quite in an environment that our vines do.  

Pinot Noir and Gamay Noir combined make up our Rose, which is close to that dry Provence style that you would typically see coming from the South of France; where they undoubtedly practice what we at the 40 Knots tasting room preach "Rose all day".  Our Pinot Noir on it's own though, shows beautiful signs of an absolutely elegant Burgundian version of the red wine varietal; showcasing wonderful strawberry and sour cherry aromas with a beautiful white pepper finish. Two BC wines that are recommended to have on hand coming into these Summer months.  

40 Knots grows and crafts high quality, ethical, clean wines that are distinct to Vancouver Island.

 

Wine, Wind and Sea

 

WINE, Wind and Sea...

with 40 Knots Winery.  Located 1.5 km from the Saalish Sea on our own little banana belt micro-climate here in the Comox Valley.  I’d like to take you on a journey through each step that the Vitis vinifera vine’s in our 40 Knots vineyard take to produce the fruit that creates our delicious biodynamic red and white wine.  What better time to start than in the Spring with bud burst!  The first stage in the growth is when our vine’s come out of hibernation and start to show some green; kicking things off and preparing for the oncoming growth spurt.  This is where not only the green thumbs but the local deer get excited.  Good thing our fences are secure!

 

 

Our wonderful micro-climate here in the Comox Valley is producing some fabulous, ocean wind-swept wines with a lively, refreshing palate.  We slow, cold ferment; bringing out the wonderful aromatics of each individual varietal.  We aim to intrigue you with wine that showcases our version of some of the best French and German grape’s true fruit potential while keeping our residual sugar components relatively low.  Our beautiful Chablis style Uncloaked Chardonnay, crisp refreshing Pinot Gris and light, tropical patio wine Ziggy (Siegerebe) are just a few examples of wines that really showcase our green farming and organic style.

 

Layne Robert-Craig, Owner “The vineyard had a slow start with a long cool spring. We completed our digs in the glacier till deposit soil to examine the roots (an annual event) and take soil samples for analysis. Worm and ladybug counts are above average and continuing to grow every year. The set of doves are back, and nesting. Our geese have hatched their eggs. And a cougar paid a visit, to the misfortune of one of our sheep. Yet, that’s just a cougar, being a cougar. I wish him no harm. Moreover, a good balance is in on the vineyard for the start of the growing year. Farming is luck and karma. Let's hope for both.” 

 

 

The vineyard workers and tasting room associates alike have come together to prepare the vineyard for the inevitable growth period by training and tying the cordons to the trellis system.  They will be steady now to hold the weight of the shoots when they grow upwards towards the sun, creating a canopy for the grapes that will eventually cultivate underneath them.  We just need some of that warm weather to make it happen. So bring on the sunshine and that delicious BC wine!

 

 

 

40 Knots grows and crafts high quality, ethical, clean wines that are distinct to Vancouver Island.

Cool Climate Wines

What are Cool Climate Wines?

 Vancouver Island is considered a cool climate in which 40 Knots   Vineyard & Estate Winery produces cool climate wines. The type   of grapes that we have in our Vineyard are Chardonnay,   Auxxerois, Siegerrebe, Pinot Gris, Gamay Noir and Pinot Noir.  We also crop share 10 acres of Epicure and Petit Millot.  Each type of varietal thrives in our vineyards. The cool climate helps us   to produce wines of finesse, juiciness, and elegance.

  Grapes that are grown in the world’s warmer regions ripen   quickly and make for sweet, big wines that are low in acid and   high in alcohol. Grapes that are grown in cooler regions such as   ours will ripen and accumulate their flavor slowly (think of it as   marinating a juicy meat for quite some time). The wines tend to   be complex and balanced, with higher acidity and more mineral   flavors making them very much food-friendly wines. With the   abundance of fresh locally grown food and seafood here, 40 Knots wines pair beautifully with Vancouver Islands cuisine. 

Though we feel blessed with the effects of our cool climate it can also put us on edge we have to monitor the weather, pH and brix daily so that we can pick the best quality grapes, which may cause us to lose quantity.   The winter frost won't damage them and spring and summer rainfall won't dampen the flavors? Layne has learned to work with the climate to bring you the freshest, tastiest most complex wines. 

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The Vineyard Interpretive Trail at 40 Knots Winery

 

You are about to enter a trail through our Vineyard that will forever remain in your mind when drinking wine!

Safety

Wear good footwear.

The ground is not level.

Dogs must be on a leash.

Do not litter.

Use doggy bags.

Watch for farm equipment.

Do not wander off the path.

Please

Don't eat our grapes.

Do take pictures.

Do post on social media. (find us at 40KnotsWinery)

Join us for a complimentary tasting in our tasting lounge.

Trail is approximately 1.5 kms

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Our Green Farm 

"40 Knots is committed to sustainability through continuous certification in Green Tourism, a most relevant and credible recognition that requires continuous improvements and team commitment with considerations from cradle to re-purpose."

 In the vineyard where all the grapes are handpicked, resident sheep, duck and chickens mow the grass, weeds and control pests. They are very friendly but please do not feed them. If you happen to see them outside the fence line, please alert a staff member.

 

 

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You are Standing on Glacier Till Soil

The tip of an iceberg, just 925 meters from the Salish Sea, where the Powell River ferry lands. The deep harbour was created, in part, by a glacier. The bonus is that the historic event deposited a more than average amount of till, sand, and rocks on this small area, which is now above the sea some 32 meters sloping to 11 meters.

 

Partnering With Mother Nature Naturally

Our Job:	Vineyards Job:
Pruning	Dormancy
Disease Control	Disease Control
Shoot Thinning	Flowering
Deleafing	Bud Burst
Pest Control	Pest Control
Bunch Thinning	Fruit Set
Bird Netting	Irrigation
Harvest	Veraison
	Full Ripeness

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Terroir  [ter-wahr; French ter-war]

Defined as the environmental conditions, especially soil and climate, in which grapes are grown and that give a wine its unique flavor and aroma

Rich in iron and aluminum, oxidized by acids and water, while subsoils are seasonally saturated (liquefied) by the high water table. The results are leached soils rich in iron and aluminum, with low PH.

Micro Climate:  Refers to area inside vine canopy which enjoys 3.6 degree Celsius higher temps than the recorded temperature.

                       Meso Climate:  Refers to our fields on glacier till soil

Great drainage, mineral contact, and sloping land towards the sea provide in part, a small piece of rare land in the Valley that can sustain noble variety grapes - Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, Gamay Noir, Chardonnay.

With great drainage comes stripping of nutrients. Stem testing and soil sampling is a must. With the slow road of composting, and adding that back to the soil, diligence and patience is a virtue.

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Food and Water

Water consumption and fertilizers are monitored regularly.

• Technology is also employed by use of a ASAP Geomatix drone for mapping.  Maps show moisture content, health and level of chlorophyll in plant, temperature and vine height.   This allows targeting of specific areas in the vineyard for nutrition.
• 40 Knots works with BioFert Manufacturing to source 100% organic fertilizer applications.  All fungicides and pesticides are 100% organic
• Drip irrigation is used only in the driest of years and it is the most efficient form of watering.  This is also how fertilizer is applied or known as “fertigation”.

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  Although some mold is welcome.  In this photo is Botrytis affected grapes, aka noble rot.  This is a benign fungus that intensifies sweetness and flavor.  Try our Trie Emily Sauterne style wine.

Disease Management

Fungi

Fungi make up the largest group of pathogens, and they come in a wide variety. Commonly known as molds, these mostly microscopic organisms are composed of multi-cellular, thread-like, branched filaments and reproductive structures called spores.  Since they do not possess chlorophyll, fungi depend on either dead organic matter or living plants for their growth and reproduction.

Prevention and Treatment - Sunlight and the wind. Organic sulfur is sprayed up to the flowering. After flowering, potassium bicarbonate and organic mustard seed oil are used.  

Bacteria

Bacteria are microscopic one-celled organisms that can cause diseases in vines. While most bacteria in the environment are beneficial, several are able to cause leaf spots, stem rots, root rots, galls wilts, blights, and cankers.

Plant pathogenic bacteria generally survive in infected plants, in debris from infected plants, and, in a few cases, in infested soil. Bacteria enter vines through wounds, natural openings in the vine or direct penetration, usually in the leaf or fruit but sometimes in roots and stems.

Once inside the grapevine, bacteria begin to reproduce by simple cell division and do not produce spores or fruiting bodies like fungi. Bacteria, like fungi, rely on their host plant for food.

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Vineyard Floor

Considerations:  age of vine, vineyard design, soil type, growing region.

Why do we allow grass coverage and clover coverage?

Grass controls soil movement and helps to retain moisture.

Clover is encouraged to bring nitrogen and other nutrients naturally to the soil.  As well it encourages bees to frequent the vineyard which rids the area of wasps and hornets that can harm our grapes.

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                                                                            Grape Varieties

The Nobles:	The Hybrids:
Chardonnay (France 2007)	Pinot Auxerrois (Vancouver Island 2011) Hybrid of 3 Pinot Noir clones
Pinot Gris (France 2007,2008,2013)	Schonberger (Vancouver Island 2012, 2013) Hybrid  of Pinot Noir, Chasselas, Muscat
Pinot Noir (France 2007,2008)	Siegerrebe (Vancouver Island 2011, 2012, 2013) Hybrid of Madeline Angevine, Gewurztraminer
Pinot Noir (Califonia 2012)
Gamay Noir (France 2008)

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Trellis System

40 Knots Trellis System allows for flow of air, entry of sunlight, growth stages of our new vines to mature vines, supports drip irrigation system, support of shoots and leaves, allowance for bird netting.

            Considerations:                                                 

•  Keeping soil organic
• Growth habit
• Terroir
• Vine vigor
• Mechanization

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 Annual Vineyard Calender 

Jan, Feb, March = Pruning
April = BudBurst, Suckering
May = Flowering, leaf thinning
June = Leaf thinning
July = Veraison, maturity
August = Maturity, harvest
September = Harvest
October = Harvest 
Nov to Dec = Dormacy

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 Pruning - The most important task in the Vineyard. 

 

 

Pruning is removing of deadwood and reducing of living wood allows plant’s energy to zero in on grapes.

Cane pruning offers better frost protection, higher yield and more fruit forward flavors.

Cuttings are mulched.

Once canes are nimble, they are tied to tie wire before bud burst.

Buds are fragile, please do not touch.

We prune approximately 75,000 vines, each with its own personality, each taking careful consideration.

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Our Enemies

Invasive and protected species.Furry Critters – raccoons may be cute but they are incredibly vicious. Never approach a raccoon. They kill our chickens and ducks and eat our grapes.              

Birds – Starlings and robins are our biggest threat and can eat 1 acre of grapes a day.

 Eagles and Hawks eat our hard working ducks and chickens.

Wasps and Hornets – eat grapes and bite us.      

 

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Vineyard birds we love!

Northern Rough Winged Swallow 

Swallows are a good luck symbol to sailors as they mean home-coming.  They never leave land.

Sailors often get a tattoo of a swallow to symbolize 5000 nautical miles at sea

These swallow live in our vineyard in the summer.

Hummingbirds 

Doves 

Yellow Warblers

Woodpeckers (they do cause damage but we can’t help but love them)

                 

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Thank you for strolling through 40 Knot’s interpretive trail

Please join us in the tasting room for a complimentary wine tasting.  We also have an assortment of picnic items that can accompany you on the vineyard terrace.  Giftware and souvenirs are available.

Share your experience with us!

 

What is Stall Speed?

With the Comox Air show coming up this weekend, I wanted to reflect a bit on my passion for flying, and its relation to the quality of our wines.

The excitement that I still feel when I hear the words "Cleared for takeoff on the active runway," or the peace of the phrase from the tower, “Cleared straight in, number one for landing," are reflections of what care and attention we want in our wines. We enjoy passing on our passions to those that appreciate detail, and a love for great wine.

Although the weather has been fantastic in the Comox Valley, and our 40 Knots production will certainly reflect that, we’re very excited about our Stall Speed vintages. Grown in the Okanagan, but produced and bottled here, the grapes will result in amazing wine.

However, the extreme growth rate of the vines has left me little time to get airborne, so I thought I’d share some reflections of my aeronautical passion, so you can appreciate some pilot, and aircraft activity, at the air show.

Flying is Freedom

Flying, the freedom, the view, the challenge, and a moment in time that life really does stand still, while you are wheels up. There is nothing like it.

Our Stall Speed label was inspired by the wonder of flight. Here are two perspectives.

Dictionary Version of Stall Speed:

Stalls in fixed-wing flight are often experienced as a sudden reduction in lift as the pilot increases the wing's angle of attack and exceeds its critical angle of attack (which may be due to slowing down below stall speed in level flight). A stall does not mean that the engine(s) have stopped working, or that the aircraft has stopped moving.

Layne in the Cockpit:

A stall, a point at which I reduce the engine power. The cockpit noise begins to reduce as the roar of the engine and propeller come to a dull idle, and I am left with the sound of the wind. At first rushing by, and slowly fading to a fast freeze…so silent compared to only seconds ago…leaving an eerie sense of calm and peace in the aircraft…holding back on the stick throughout this dance, the aircraft gives up its grip on the air. It is no longer an aircraft, it is no longer in flight.

It’s a comfortable chair, with a helluva view, falling peacefully towards the earth. The first time you do a stall, it is beyond exciting, almost scary. Now, with experience, it is part of life, and you must understand it, respect it, and above all, not fear it. Know how to get there, recognize it, and get out.

But, enjoy the moment when you bring everything to a brief standstill...when noise, gravity, and speed are all at zero...Every pilot smiles at this point, even for just a second, before the fall and recovery face reappears.

For me, it feels like I conquered life, stopped it and breathed it in for a brief moment, and then let it go back to the wild.
Look Up. Way Up.

As a sit here in the vineyard writing this, an American F16 jet has just been cleared for final to CFB Comox and flies over my head.

The Canadian Forces CF18 arrived earlier today for the Comox airshow. The American B52 Bomber is to arrive yet today.

This weekend’s airshow is a great opportunity to see two awesome squadrons open their doors for the public, to come and see inside our Armed Forces, and Search and Rescue heroes.

Come out and see them. What they all do is Awesome.

Cheers,
Layne

Welcome to Tsolum

Welcome to Tsolum. Or, welcome to Comox Valley earth and sub soils, and some agri-science about growing grapes.

The Norm

The general Comox Valley area is predominant to “Tysolum” earth. Our slightly rolling hills have medium to moderate glacial deposits and/or glacial till below the surface, and coarse fluvial deposits near the surface. It’s finalized with a frosting of 4 to 12 inches of organic marine-rich top soil.

What does that mean?

Historically, it means it is great for growing Douglas fir, western red cedar, alder, maple and grand fir trees, supported with an abundance of wild berries like leg-tearing blackberry vines.

However, with rich peat soils and great water retention during early season, and drainage in late, it creates amazing growing areas in the lower lying areas in the Comox Valley, especially for vegetables, fruit, hay crops, and even malt-grade barley.

Variable

So what the hell does that have to do with Grapes? Even more, what does it have to do with grapes from a “Noble variety” vs. those that have been breed to grow in our climate?

For lack of a better term, our little property sits at the tip of an iceberg, just 925 meters from the Salish Sea, where the Powell River ferry lands. The deep harbour was created, in part, by a glacier. The bonus, is that the historic event deposited a more than average amount of till, sand, and rocks on this small area, which is now above the sea some 120 meters.

Poor soil for the general farming activities in the Valley, our 25 acres does not grow blueberries, cranberries, or corn, very well at all.

The plus side - great drainage, mineral contact, and sloping land towards the sea provide in part, a small piece of rare land in the Valley that can sustain noble variety grapes - Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, Gamay Noir, Chardonnay, and Auxerrois.

Not without its difficulties, with great drainage comes stripping of nutrients. Pedicle testing and soil sampling is a must. With the slow road of composting, and adding that back to the soil, diligence and patience will be a virtue.

The terroir itself benefits from so much more. This small micro climate inside a micro climate generally boasts 3.6 degree Celsius higher temps than the recorded temperature.

The Facts

Our viticulturist, Theo Siemens, has spent considerable time working with Pedro Perra, a Chilean wine terroir expert, and Dr. Scott Smith, from the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre. Theo is applying his experience and knowledge to the 40 Knots terroir, and has a great go-forward ethical plan for us to work with.

Here are some of Theo’s thoughts and recommendations.

“Comox Valley soil types typically fall into the Tsolum Soil profile with a Gleyed Humo Ferric Podzol subtype. Factors that most influence viticulture practices on these soil types are:

1) Humid
2) Temperate
3) Acidic
4) Leached
5) Sedimentary rock profiles
6) Rich in iron oxidized soils
7) Presence of granite rock brought from coastal mountains by glaciation
8) Soil texture (loamy, sandy, till)

40 Knots soils, rich in iron and aluminum, are oxidized by acids and water, while sub soils are seasonally saturated (liquefied) by the high water table. The results are leached soils rich in iron and aluminum, with low PH. Historic fertilizing practices suggest that the disconcerting anemic soil-sample results are due to leaching and not under-fertilizing. In other words, while fertilizers have been applied by the previous owner (last application in 2012), they are being consumed by plants and/or being washed away by rain.

There lies the crux of your challenge.

It is my strong belief that compost application is the solution for the long term health of the vineyard. As compost breaks down slowly (25% first year, 50% second year and 25% third year), it is the perfect and almost complete time-release fertilizer. Compost, depending on composition, tends to be more alkaline, therefore balancing the soil PH as well. While composts tend to be low in nitrogen, this can be adjusted easily by way of cover cropping, which is already being completed with white clover, or by applying organic fertilizers.”

The Evolution

Focusing on ethical and sustainable farming practices, composting, mulching, adequate cover crops, specific irrigation regime (going towards little to none), we are, in Theo’s words, “creating an evolution in our vineyard, not a revolution.”

Is that it, all done?

Not even close.

Knowing what you have for earth is the beginning. Establishing a realistic plan to be sustainable is next. Being willing to commit to a very long term ethical and sustainable farming model is going to be the hardest decision, or the easiest.

For me, it’s easy.

It is how I grew up farming. As a kid, I saw the benefits in the land and the product.

How could I not see it now?

Cheers,
Layne

March, Mowers, and Mulching

Even though the 20th of March is the official day, it is clearly spring. We can hear the sea lions barking with excitement, the Robins are bathing themselves to look good, woodpeckers have found the loudest piece of manmade tin to rattle against, and so many of our flowers are in bloom. Sorry Easterners, it's awesome on the West Coast.

Our vineyard and winery chores also know it's spring.

When I posted last, we were making our pruning cuts. Now, we are pulling the wood out of the trellis wires and tying the new canes down that will produce this year’s grapes. We are at 50% complete on this last step. All will be completed by April Fool’s day. My bet is on March 27th for bud burst.

Over a one day period, wood is pulled, canes are tied, and rows are flailed and mulched. We don’t burn our last year’s wood, it is all mulched back into the rows.

After the field personnel leave at night, the rotary flail does the first pass, making wood flat and in smaller 4 to 8 inch pieces. Next, the Kubota zero-turn mower, with a mulching kit, goes over the row. This machine is amazing. Sold to us last year from Russell at North Island tractor, it has cut our mowing times by 1/8. Fine cutting around the winery, or mulching down the row, it will do all of that at lightning-fast speeds, significantly reducing fuel use and increasing quality of mulched organics to the vineyard.

No, I don't own a Kubota dealership, just excited about efficiency and reducing our footprint.

All the varieties are looking awesome! The original owner, Bill Montgomery, did a fantastic job choosing the some 50,000 root stock, 85% from a nursery in France. Thank you, Bill.

Next time, winery talk.

Cheers,
Layne

Good Soil & Pruning Equals Happy Grapes

No, it’s not really spring, yet. We have no control over this warm weather, so we are pruning very fast.

In just eight work days, we have completed 80% of the pruning cuts. And, we converted from cordon pruning to cane. Cordon pruning brings vines out of old wood, while cane pruning brings vines out of last year’s growth. This style will prevent any old, woody taste to the grapes, keeping the fresh and lively, ultra-premium wine we strive for.

The vines are also attempting to push buds, but with a little weeping from the cuts they have slowed back and will avoid any damage, if a forsaken frost shows itself.

Viticulture expert Theo Siemens, of Okanagan Crush Pad, recently visited our vineyard to analyse our structure, so we can forge on with sustainable farming methods, and ethical organic practices. Besides training all staff in pruning techniques and canopy management, he performed an assessment of our four horizons of soils, right down to the mother rock.

Within the four horizons, we find distinct, non-typical earth for this area. These zones are respective to a glacier deposit, or till.

1st horizon - very little peat, and four to eight inches of top soil
2nd & 3rd horizon - sand, some large rock, gravel and pebbles, with some loose dry clay
4th horizon - very hard layered clay with mother rock.

We are seeing root formations from the vines, in most cases, down to the 4th horizon. That’s great news! What we don't see is any water holding, or pooling in these layers, even after the substantial amount of rainfall we have had. More awesome news.

The contact with minerals for the roots, and great permeability and drainage in the soils, gives us a great terroir opportunity to have complex and distinct tastes in our wines.,

If you’d like to know more about our operation, and the lifecycle of our vines, pop in to our Cellar Tasting Lounge, or shoot me an email, at Layneat40KnotsWinery@gmail.com.

Cheers,
Layne